percentages

   
                                  Percentages,Profit and Loss


   
If the value of something is increased by x % then decreased by y % then resulting effect in percent is + x + y + xy/100

The Salary of a worker is first increased by 10% and thereafter decreased by 5%. What is the overall change in percent.
The side of a square is increased by 30%. Find the percentage increase in area.

If the price of the commodity is increased or decreased by r% then reduction in the consumption so as not to increase the expenditure:
r
x 100
100+ r


If the price of the sugar fall down by 10%. By how much percent must the householder increase its consumption so as not to decrease the expenditure.

If A's salary is 25% more than B then how much percent the B's salary is less than that of A.
x% of a quantity is taken by the first, y% of the remaining is taken by the second and so on, Now if A is the amount left then find the initial amount :
initial amount =
Ax100x100x100
(100+x)(100+y)(100+z)
where A is the remaining amount.

After reducing 10% from a certain sum and then 20% from the remaining , there is Rs 3600 left then find the original sum.
A man had Rs 4800 in his locker. Two years ago in the first year he deposited 20% of the amount in his locker. In second year he deposit 25% of increased amount find the left amount in the locker.

A candidate scoring x% in an examination fails by 'a' marks, while another candidate who scores y% marks gets 'b' marks more than then the minimum required pass marks. Then the maximum marks for the examination are M =
100(a + b)
y - x

A candidate scores 25% and fails by 30 marks, while another candidate who scores 50% marks, gets 20 marks more than the minimum required marks to pass the examination. Find the maximum marks for the examination.
If two values are respectively x% and y% more than a third value, then the first is
100 + x
100 + y
 x 100 of the second

Two numbers are respectively 20% and 50% more than a third , what percentage is the first of the second
If A is x% of C and B is y% of C then A is
x
x 100 % of B
y


Two numbers are respectively 20% and 25% of a third number, what percentage is the first of the second.

Profit and Loss
If 'a' articles are bought for Rs 'b' and sell them 'c' for Rs 'd'.
Then profit or loss made by the vender:
a x d - b x c
x 100
b x c


Some articles were bought at 6 articles for Rs. 5 and sold at 5 articles for Rs. 6. Gain percent is:
A boy buys orange 9 for Rs 16 and sell them 11 for Rs 20. Find profit or loss percent.

Selling Price(SP) =
Given SP (Rs) x (100+Req %)
(100+given %)
                   

                        Percentages ,Profit and Loss

By selling a horse for Rs 570 a trader loses 5%. At what price must he sell it to gain 5%.
Cost Price(CP) =
more amount(Rs) x 100
Difference in profit

Mahesh sold a book at a profit of 12%. Had he sold i for Rs 18 more , 18% would have been gained. Find CP.
A man sold a horse at a loss of 7%. Had he be able to sell it at a gain of 9%. It would have fetch 64 more. Find Cost Price.
Gauri went to the stationers and bought things worth Rs. 25, out of which 30 paise went on sales tax on taxable purchases. If the tax rate was 6%, then what was the cost of the tax free items?


(2) When an article is sold for Rs.35, there is a loss of 2%. What is the cost price of article?
1. Rs.35.7 2.Rs.36 3.Rs.38.34 4.none

(3) A man buys an article for Rs.28.50 and sell it for Rs.26.40 find his loss percent?
1. 8% 2. 3. 4. none

(5) A dishonest dealer professes to sell his goods at cost price but uses a weight of 850gm for a kg weight. Find his gain percent
1. 2. 3. 4. None

(6) A man sold two articles for Rs.600 each, on one he gains 15% while on the other he loses 15%. Find profit or loss%
     1. 2.25% loss 2.25% gain 3.no loss no gain 4.none

(7) If a trader allows a discount of 15% on the marked price of Rs.675, at what price should he sell the article
1. Rs.650.25 2.Rs.573.75 3.Rs.523.85 4.None

(8) Find the single discount, which is equivalent to 15% and 25% successively?
1. 38% 2.35% 3.36.25% 4.37.25%

(9) If the cost price is 92% of the SP then what is the profit percent
     1. 2. 3. 4. none


(11) A shopkeeper sold goods for Rs.2800 and made a profit of 28% in the process. Find profit or loss percent if he had sold his goods for Rs.2100
1. 4% profit 2.4% loss 3.no loss no gain 4.none

(12) A shopkeeper bought 120 chocolates at Rs.8 per dozen. If he sold all of them at Rs.1 each what was his profit/ loss percent?
1. 20% 2.25% 3.50% 4.60%

(13) A shopkeeper marks the price of an article at Rs.80, find the Cost price, if after allowing discount of 20% he still gains 10% on the CP.
1. Rs.59 2.Rs.58.18 3.Rs.60 4.None

(14) A shopkeeper marks the price of an article at Rs.80, what will be the selling price of the article if he allows two successive discounts of 5% each?
1. Rs.73.20 2.Rs.72 3.Rs.72.20 4.None

(15) A dozen pairs of gloves quoted at Rs.96 are available at a discount of 10%, find how many pairs of gloves can be bought for Rs.36
1. 3 pairs 2.8 pairs 3.4 pairs         4.none (5pairs)

(16) Find the single discount equivalent to the discount series of 20%, 10%, 5% respectively?
1. 31% 2.31.6% 3.32% 4.none

(17) 12 oranges are bought for a rupee and are sold at 10 for a rupee. Find the percentage profit or loss?
1. 10% 2.15% 3.25% 4.20%
(18) A reduction of 5% in the price of rice enables a housewife to buy 3.1 kg more for Rs.139.5. Find the reduced price per kg
1. Rs.2.00 2.Rs.2.50 3.Rs.2.25 4.none
(19) The marked price of a chair is Rs. 1000, which is 20% above the cost price. It is sold at a discount of 10% on the marked price. Find the profit percentage.
1. 16% 2.9% 3.8% 4.10%
(20) How much percent more than the cost price should a shopkeeper mark his goods, so that after allowing a discount of 15% he should have a gain of 2% on his outlay?
1. 10% 2.20% 3.30% 4.none
21) A trader bought some Apples. 4% of them were spoiled in transport, 10% of the remaining got rotten and sold 90% of good ones. If 540 Apples remained unsold, find the number of Apples that he bought?
  (1) 6000 (2) 6250 (3) 6500 (4) 6750

22) A coconut tree was planted two years ago. It increases at the rate of 20% every year. If at present the height of the tree is 540 cm, what was it when the tree was planted?
(1) 324 cm (2) 375 cm (3) 400 cm (4) 432 cm

23) A man scores 42.5% and failed by 5marks. If he scored 52.5% he would pass by 15 marks then the minimum marks to pass is
  (1) 200 (2) 100 (3) 90 (4) 80

24) In an examination, 70% students passed in English, 65% passed in mathematics, 27% students failed in both the subjects. If only 248 students passed in both the subjects. Find the total number of students appearing at the examination?
(1) 400 (2) 700 (3) 600 (4) 500

25) In the recently conducted SSC board examination a total of 5,00,000 students appeared. 60% of them were females while the rest were males. Pass percentage among females is 33 1/3% and the overall pass percentage is 50%. What is the pass percentage of the males?
(1) 60% (2) 62.5% (3) 70% (4) 75%

26) Fresh fruit contains 72% water by weight where as dry fruit contains 20% water by weight. What is the weight of the dry fruit obtained from 20 kgs of fresh fruit?
(1) 5.6 kgs (2) 6.5 kgs (3) 7.5 kgs (4) 7.0 kgs

27) In an election, 10% of the voters in the voter list did not vote and 60 voters cast their ballet papers blank. There were only two candidates. The winner was supported by 47% of all votes in the list and he got 308 votes more than his rival. The number of voters on the list was.
(1) 3,600 (2) 6,200 (3) 4,575 (4) 6028

28) Deepika went to a fruit market with a certain amount of money. With the money she has, she can buy 30 apples or 50 mangoes. She retains 20% of her money for auto fare. If she buys 25 mangoes, how many more apples can she buy?
(1) 9 (2) 12 (3) 15 (4) None of these

29) There are 50 successive percentage discounts given in a series of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%..... so on. What is the net discount?
(1) 98% (2) 2250% (3) 100% (4) Infinite

30) The entry fee for a circus was Rs: 98. Later this was reduced by 25%, which increased the sale of tickets by 20%. Find the percentage increase in the number of visitors.
(1) 54 (2) 57 (3) 60 (4) 66

31) One litre of water is evaporated from 6 litres of solution containing 4% of sugar. The percentage of sugar in the remaining solution is.
(1) 1.4% (2) 5.2% (3) 4.8% (4) 3.4%

32) Steven saves 10% of his total salary. Next year he increases his expenses by 20% but his savings remain same. What is the percentage increase in salary next year?
(1) 10% (2) 16.66% (3) 18% (4) 20%

33) In a maternity centre 5% of all child births result in twins. What is the approximate percentage of twins out of total children born?
(1) 5% (2) 7.6% (3) 9.5% (4) 10.4%

34) An article was sold at Rs.9625 at a loss of 23 %. At what price should it be sold for to gain 20%?
(1) Rs.12500 (2) Rs.13000 (3) Rs.14000 (4) None(15000)

35) If lemons bought at the rate of 28 for Rs.50, have to be sold at 40% profit, how many lemons should be sold for Rs.100?
(1) 30 (2) 40 (3) 50 (4) None of these


36) Selling 60 mangoes a trader gains the selling piece of 10 mangoes. Find his gain percent.
(1) 15 (2) 20 (3) 25 (4) None of these

37) A trader marks his goods 30% above the cost price but allows 20% discount on marked price. What is his profit percent?
(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 5 (4) None of these

38) Selling price of 4 articles = cost price of 3 articles. The percentage profit or loss is -------
(1) 25% loss (2) 25% profit (3) 75% profit (4) 75% loss

39) Due to increase in price of eggs by 20%, two eggs less were available for Rs.20. The present rate of eggs per dozen is -------
(1) 24 (2) 20 (3) 25 (4) 18

40) A music system was sold at a loss of 15%. If it were old Rs.2000 more, there would have been a gain of 10%. Find the cost price of the music system.
(1) 5000 (2) 6000 (3) 7000 (4) None (8000)

41) If goods are purchased at Rs.4500, and one third of them are sold at a profit of 10%, at what profit percent should the remaining be sold to obtain a profit of 15%.
(1) 12.5% (2) 15.5% (3) 17.5% (4) None of these

42) A merchant uses dishonest means to make profit by announcing that he sells at cost price weighs 800 gm for every 1000 gm. What is his gain percent?
(1) 10 (2) 20 (3) 25 (4) None of these

43) An article is sold at Rs.4000 for a loss of 20%. If it is sold at 20% more, what is the profit or loss percent?
(1) No loss-no gain (2) 4%profit (3) 4 % loss (4) None of these







44) A man sells an article at a profit of 25%. Had he purchased it at 25% less and sold it for Rs.25 less, he would have still gained 25%. Find the cost price of the article.
(1) Rs.60 (2) Rs.75 (3) Rs.80 (4) None of these


45) A man bought a number of horses for Rs.72,000. Four of them died, and he sold the rest at Rs.1400 per head more than he paid for them. If he made a profit of Rs.8000, on the whole Transaction, find the cost price of each horse.
(1) Rs.9000 (2) Rs.8000 (3) Rs.5000 (4) Rs.3600

46) A man sells two sites for Rs.1, 95,550 each. On one he gains 15% & on the other he loses 15%.  Find his % loss or gain?
(1) 30% loss (2) 30% gain (3) 2.25% gain (4) 2.25% loss

47) A shopkeeper wrongly calculated his profit on selling price and finds it to be 20%. What is actual profit percentage?
(1) 20% profit (2) 25% profit (3) 20% loss (4) 25% loss

48) A milk man professes to sell milk at its cost price only. But still he is making a profit of 25% since he has mixed some amount of water in the milk. What is the percentage of milk in the mixture?
(1) 75% (2) 80% (3) 85% (4) 70%

49) A shopkeeper marks up the price of his product by 40%. If he increases the discount from 5% to 10%, the profit would decrease by Rs: 14. How much profit would he earn if he gives a discount of 20% on the marked price?
(1) Rs: 56 (2) Rs: 28 (3) Rs: 32 (4) Rs: 24

50) There is some profit when an article is sold for Rs: 720. However when the same article is sold for Rs: 420 there is some loss. If the quantum of loss is two times quantum of profit, find the cost price of the article.
(1) Rs: 620 (2) Rs: 700 (3) Rs: 520 (4) None of these